Priority;Component;CMIP name;NorESM name or implementation status;CMOR implementation status;Frequencies;Long name;"Description";Units
1;atmos;ccb;PCONVB;yes;mon;Air Pressure at Convective Cloud Base;"Where convective cloud is present in the grid cell, the instantaneous cloud base altitude should be that of the bottom of the lowest level containing convective cloud. Missing data should be reported in the absence of convective cloud. The time mean should be calculated from these quantities averaging over occasions when convective cloud is present only, and should contain missing data for occasions when no convective cloud is present during the meaning period.";Pa
1;atmos;cct;PCONVT;yes;mon;Air Pressure at Convective Cloud Top;"Where convective cloud is present in the grid cell, the instantaneous cloud top altitude should be that of the top of the highest level containing convective cloud. Missing data should be reported in the absence of convective cloud. The time mean should be calculated from these quantities averaging over occasions when convective cloud is present only, and should contain missing data for occasions when no convective cloud is present during the meaning period.";Pa
1;atmos;ch4;CH4;yes;mon,monC;CH4 volume mixing ratio;"Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.";mol mol-1
1;atmos;ch4global;ch4vmr;yes;mon,monC;Global Mean Mole Fraction of CH4;"Global Mean Mole Fraction of CH4";1e-09
1;atmos;ci;FREQZM;yes;mon;Fraction of Time Convection Occurs in Cell;"Fraction of time that convection occurs in the grid cell.";1
1;atmos;cl;CLOUD;yes;mon;Percentage Cloud Cover;"Percentage cloud cover, including both large-scale and convective cloud.";%
1;atmos;cli;CLDICE;yes;mon;Mass Fraction of Cloud Ice;"Includes both large-scale and convective cloud. This is calculated as the mass of cloud ice in the grid cell divided by the mass of air (including the water in all phases) in the grid cell. It includes precipitating hydrometeors ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeors affect the calculation of radiative transfer in model.";kg kg-1
1;atmos;clivi;TGCLDIWP;yes;mon;Ice Water Path;"mass of ice water in the column divided by the area of the column (not just the area of the cloudy portion of the column). Includes precipitating frozen hydrometeors ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeor affects the calculation of radiative transfer in model.";kg m-2
1;atmos;clt;CLDTOT;yes;mon;Total Cloud Cover Percentage;"Total cloud area fraction for the whole atmospheric column, as seen from the surface or the top of the atmosphere. Includes both large-scale and convective cloud.";%
1;atmos;clw;CLDLIQ;yes;mon;Mass Fraction of Cloud Liquid Water;"Includes both large-scale and convective cloud. Calculate as the mass of cloud liquid water in the grid cell divided by the mass of air (including the water in all phases) in the grid cells. Precipitating hydrometeors are included ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeors affect the calculation of radiative transfer in model.";kg kg-1
1;atmos;clwvi;TGCLDLWP+TGCLDIWP;yes;mon;Condensed Water Path;"Mass of condensed (liquid + ice) water in the column divided by the area of the column (not just the area of the cloudy portion of the column). Includes precipitating hydrometeors ONLY if the precipitating hydrometeors affect the calculation of radiative transfer in model.";kg m-2
1;atmos;co2;CO2;yes;mon,monC;CO2 volume mixing ratio;"Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.";mol mol-1
1;atmos;co2mass;co2vmr;yes;mon,monC;Total Atmospheric Mass of CO2;"Total atmospheric mass of Carbon Dioxide";kg
1;atmos;evspsbl;QFLX;yes;mon;Evaporation;"Evaporation at surface: flux of water into the atmosphere due to conversion of both liquid and solid phases to vapor (from underlying surface and vegetation)";kg m-2 s-1
1;atmos;fco2antt; ;no;mon;Carbon Mass Flux into Atmosphere Due to All Anthropogenic Emissions of CO2;"This is requested only for the emission-driven coupled carbon climate model runs.  Does not include natural fire sources but, includes all anthropogenic sources, including fossil fuel use, cement production, agricultural burning, and sources associated with anthropogenic land use change excluding forest regrowth.";kg m-2 s-1
1;atmos;fco2fos; ;no;mon;Carbon Mass Flux into Atmosphere Due to Fossil Fuel Emissions of CO2;"This is the prescribed anthropogenic CO2 flux from fossil fuel use, including cement production, and flaring (but not from land-use changes, agricultural burning, forest regrowth, etc.)";kg m-2 s-1
1;atmos;fco2nat; ;no;mon;Surface Carbon Mass Flux into the Atmosphere Due to Natural Sources;"This is what the atmosphere sees (on its own grid).  This field should be equivalent to the combined natural fluxes of carbon  that account for natural exchanges between the atmosphere and land (nep) or ocean (fgco2) reservoirs.";kg m-2 s-1
1;atmos;hfls;LHFLX;yes;mon;Surface Upward Latent Heat Flux;"The surface called ""surface"" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. ""Upward"" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, ""flux"" implies per unit area, called ""flux density"" in physics.";W m-2
1;atmos;hfss;SHFLX;yes;mon;Surface Upward Sensible Heat Flux;"The surface called ""surface"" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. ""Upward"" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface sensible heat flux, also called ""turbulent"" heat flux, is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air by motion of air. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, ""flux"" implies per unit area, called ""flux density"" in physics. Unless indicated in the cell_methods attribute, a quantity is assumed to apply to the whole area of each horizontal grid box. Previously, the qualifier where_type was used to specify that the quantity applies only to the part of the grid box of the named type.  Names containing the where_type qualifier are deprecated and newly created data should use the cell_methods attribute to indicate the horizontal area to which the quantity applies.";W m-2
1;atmos;hur;RELHUM;yes;mon;Relative Humidity;"The relative humidity with respect to liquid water for T> 0 C, and with respect to ice for T<0 C.";%
1;atmos;hurs;RHREFHT;yes;mon;Near-Surface Relative Humidity;"The relative humidity with respect to liquid water for T> 0 C, and with respect to ice for T<0 C.";%
1;atmos;hus;Q;yes;mon;Specific Humidity;"""specific"" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air.";1
1;atmos;huss;QREFHT;yes;mon;Near-Surface Specific Humidity;"Near-surface (usually, 2 meter) specific humidity.";1
1;atmos;mc;CMFMC+CMFMCDZM;yes;mon;Convective Mass Flux;"The net mass flux should represent the difference between the updraft and downdraft components.  The flux is computed as the mass divided by the area of the grid cell.";kg m-2 s-1
1;atmos;n2o;N2O;yes;mon,monC;N2O volume mixing ratio;"Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.   The chemical formula of  nitrous oxide is N2O.";mol mol-1
1;atmos;n2oglobal;n2ovmr;no;mon,monC;Global Mean Mole Fraction of N2O;"Global mean Nitrous Oxide (N2O)";1e-09
1;atmos;o3;O3;no;mon,monC;Ozone volume mixing ratio;"Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.";mol mol-1
1;atmos;pfull;PS;no;monC;Pressure on Model Levels;"Air pressure on model levels";Pa
1;atmos;phalf;PS;no;monC;Pressure on Model Half-Levels;"Air pressure on model half-levels";Pa
1;atmos;pr;PRECT;yes;mon;Precipitation;"includes both liquid and solid phases";kg m-2 s-1
1;atmos;prc;PRECC;yes;mon;Convective Precipitation;"Convective precipitation at surface; includes both liquid and solid phases.";kg m-2 s-1
1;atmos;prsn;PRECSC+PRECSL;yes;mon;Snowfall Flux;"at surface; includes precipitation of all forms of water in the solid phase";kg m-2 s-1
1;atmos;prw;Q;yes;mon;Water Vapor Path;"vertically integrated through the atmospheric column";kg m-2
1;atmos;ps;PS ;yes;mon;Surface Air Pressure;"surface pressure (not mean sea-level pressure), 2-D field to calculate the 3-D pressure field from hybrid coordinates";Pa
1;atmos;psl;PSL;yes;mon;Sea Level Pressure;"Sea Level Pressure";Pa
1;atmos;rlds;FLDS;yes;mon;Surface Downwelling Longwave Radiation;"The surface called ""surface"" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. ""longwave"" means longwave radiation. Downwelling radiation is radiation from above. It does not mean ""net downward"". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called ""irradiance"". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called ""vector irradiance"". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, ""flux"" implies per unit area, called ""flux density"" in physics.";W m-2
1;atmos;rldscs;FLDSC;yes;mon;Surface Downwelling Clear-Sky Longwave Radiation;"Surface downwelling clear-sky longwave radiation";W m-2
1;atmos;rlus;FLDS+FLNS;yes;mon;Surface Upwelling Longwave Radiation;"The surface called ""surface"" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. ""longwave"" means longwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean ""net upward"". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called ""irradiance"". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called ""vector irradiance"". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, ""flux"" implies per unit area, called ""flux density"" in physics.";W m-2
1;atmos;rlut;FSNTOA-FSNT+FLNT;yes;mon;TOA Outgoing Longwave Radiation;"at the top of the atmosphere (to be compared with satellite measurements)";W m-2
1;atmos;rlutcs;FLUTC?;yes;mon;TOA Outgoing Clear-sky Longwave Radiation;"Upwelling clear-sky longwave radiation at top of atmosphere";W m-2
1;atmos;rsds;RSDS;yes;mon;Surface Downwelling Shortwave Radiation;"surface solar irradiance for UV calculations";W m-2
1;atmos;rsdscs;FSDSC;yes;mon;Surface Downwelling Clear-Sky Shortwave Radiation;"surface solar irradiance clear sky for UV calculations";W m-2
1;atmos;rsdt;FSNTOA+FSUTOA;yes;mon;TOA Incident Shortwave Radiation;"Shortwave radiation incident at the top of the atmosphere";W m-2
1;atmos;rsus;FSDS-FSNS;yes;mon;Surface Upwelling Shortwave Radiation;"The surface called ""surface"" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. ""shortwave"" means shortwave radiation. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean ""net upward"". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called ""irradiance"". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called ""vector irradiance"". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, ""flux"" implies per unit area, called ""flux density"" in physics.";W m-2
1;atmos;rsuscs;FSDSC-FSNSC;yes;mon;Surface Upwelling Clear-Sky Shortwave Radiation;"Surface Upwelling Clear-sky Shortwave Radiation";W m-2
1;atmos;rsut;FSUTOA;yes;mon;Top-of-Atmosphere Outgoing Shortwave Radiation;"at the top of the atmosphere";W m-2
1;atmos;rsutcs;SOLIN-FSNTOAC;yes;mon;TOA Outgoing Clear-Sky Shortwave Radiation;"Calculated in the absence of clouds.";W m-2
1;atmos;rtmt;FSNT-FLNT;yes;mon;Net Downward Radiative Flux at Top of Model;"Net Downward Radiative Flux at Top of Model : I.e., at the top of that portion of the atmosphere where dynamics are explicitly treated by the model. This is reported only if it differs from the net downward radiative flux at the top of the atmosphere.";W m-2
1;atmos;sci;FREQSH;yes;mon;Fraction of Time Shallow Convection Occurs;"Fraction of time that shallow convection occurs in the grid cell.";1
1;atmos;sfcWind;U10;no;mon;Near-Surface Wind Speed;"near-surface (usually, 10 meters) wind speed.";m s-1
1;atmos;ta;T;yes;mon;Air Temperature;"Air Temperature";K
1;atmos;tas;TREFHT;yes;mon;Near-Surface Air Temperature;"near-surface (usually, 2 meter) air temperature";K
1;atmos;tasmax;TREFMXAV;yes;mon;Daily Maximum Near-Surface Air Temperature;"maximum near-surface (usually, 2 meter) air temperature (add cell_method attribute ""time: max"")";K
1;atmos;tasmin;TREFMNAV;yes;mon;Daily Minimum Near-Surface Air Temperature;"minimum near-surface (usually, 2 meter) air temperature (add cell_method attribute ""time: min"")";K
1;atmos;tauu;TAUX;yes;mon;Surface Downward Eastward Wind Stress;"Downward eastward wind stress at the surface";Pa
1;atmos;tauv;TAUY;yes;mon;Surface Downward Northward Wind Stress;"Downward northward wind stress at the surface";Pa
1;atmos;ts;TS;yes;mon;Surface Temperature;"Temperature of the lower boundary of the atmosphere";K
1;atmos;ua;U10;yes;mon;Eastward Wind;"""Eastward"" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.)";m s-1
1;atmos;uas; ;no;mon;Eastward Near-Surface Wind;"Eastward component of the near-surface (usually, 10 meters)  wind";m s-1
1;atmos;va;V;yes;mon;Northward Wind;"""Northward"" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name upward_air_velocity.)";m s-1
1;atmos;vas; ;no;mon;Northward Near-Surface Wind;"Northward component of the near surface wind";m s-1
1;atmos;wap;OMEGA;yes;mon;omega (=dp/dt);"Omega (vertical velocity in pressure coordinates, positive downwards)";Pa s-1
1;atmos;zg;Z3;yes;mon;Geopotential Height;"Geopotential is the sum of the specific gravitational potential energy relative to the geoid and the specific centripetal potential energy. Geopotential height is the geopotential divided by the standard acceleration due to gravity. It is numerically similar to the altitude (or geometric height) and not to the quantity with standard name height, which is relative to the surface.";m
1;atmosChem;ch4;CH4;yes;mon,monC;CH4 volume mixing ratio;"Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.";mol mol-1
1;atmosChem;ch4global;ch4vmr;yes;mon,monC;Global Mean Mole Fraction of CH4;"Global Mean Mole Fraction of CH4";1e-09
1;atmosChem;n2o;N2O;yes;mon,monC;N2O volume mixing ratio;"Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.   The chemical formula of  nitrous oxide is N2O.";mol mol-1
1;atmosChem;n2oglobal;n2ovmr;no;mon,monC;Global Mean Mole Fraction of N2O;"Global mean Nitrous Oxide (N2O)";1e-09
1;atmosChem;o3;O3;no;mon,monC;Ozone volume mixing ratio;"Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.";mol mol-1
1;land;agesno; ; ;mon;Mean Age of Snow;"Age of Snow (when computing the time-mean here, the time samples, weighted by the mass of snow on the land portion of the grid cell, are accumulated and then divided by the sum of the weights.  Reported as missing data in regions free of snow on land.";day
1;land;baresoilFrac; ;no;mon;Bare Soil Percentage Area Coverage;"Percentage of entire grid cell  that is covered by bare soil.";%
1;land;burntFractionAll;ANN_FAREA_BURNED;partly;mon;Percentage of Entire Grid cell  that is Covered by Burnt Vegetation (All Classes);"Percentage of grid cell burned due to all fires including natural and anthropogenic fires and those associated with anthropogenic land use change";%
1;land;cLitter;TOTLITC;partly;mon;Carbon Mass in Litter Pool;"alias::litter_carbon_content";kg m-2
1;land;cProduct; ;no;mon;Carbon Mass in Products of Land Use Change;"Carbon mass per unit area in that has been removed from the environment through  land use change.";kg m-2
1;land;cSoil;SOILC;no;mon;Carbon Mass in Model Soil Pool;"Carbon mass in the full depth of the soil model.";kg m-2
1;land;cSoilAbove1m; ;no;mon;Carbon mass in soil pool above 1m depth;"Report missing data over ocean grid cells. For fractional land report value averaged over the land fraction.";kg m-2
1;land;cVeg;TOTVEGC;partly;mon;Carbon Mass in Vegetation;"Carbon mass per unit area in vegetation.";kg m-2
1;land;cropFrac; ;no;mon;Percentage Crop Cover;"Percentage of entire grid cell  that is covered by crop.";%
1;land;evspsblsoi;QSOIL;partly;mon;Water Evaporation from Soil;"Water evaporation from soil (including sublimation).";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;evspsblveg;QVEGE;partly;mon;Evaporation from Canopy;"The canopy evaporation and sublimation (if present in model); may include dew formation as a negative flux.";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;fAnthDisturb; ;no;mon;Carbon Mass Flux from Vegetation, Litter or Soil Pools into the Atmosphere due to Any Human Activity;"will require some careful definition to make sure we capture everything - any human activity that releases carbon to the atmosphere instead of into product pool goes here. E.g. Deforestation fire, harvest assumed to decompose straight away, grazing...";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;fBNF; ; ;mon;biological nitrogen fixation;"The phrase ""tendency_of_X"" means derivative of X with respect to time. ""Content"" indicates a quantity per unit area. On land, ""nitrogen fixation"" means the uptake of nitrogen gas directly from the atmosphere. The representation of fixed nitrogen is model dependent, with the nitrogen entering either vegetation, soil or both. ""Vegetation"" means any living plants e.g. trees, shrubs, grass. The phrase ""expressed_as"" is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. ""Nitrogen compounds"" summarizes all chemical species containing nitrogen atoms. The list of individual species that are included in this quantity can vary between models. Where possible, the data variable should be accompanied by a complete description of the species represented, for example, by using a comment attribute. The specification of a physical process by the phrase ""due_to_"" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase.";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;fCLandToOcean; ;no;mon;Lateral transfer of carbon out of gridcell that eventually goes into ocean;"leached carbon etc that goes into run off or river routing and finds its way into ocean should be reported here.";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;fDeforestToProduct; ;no;mon;Deforested biomass that goes into product pool as a result of anthropogenic land use change;"When land use change results in deforestation of natural vegetation (trees or grasslands) then natural biomass is removed. The treatment of deforested biomass differs significantly across models, but it should be straight-forward to compare deforested biomass across models.";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;fFireNat; ;no;mon;Carbon Mass Flux into Atmosphere due to CO2 Emission from natural Fire;"CO2 emissions from natural fires";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;fHarvestToProduct; ;no;mon;Harvested biomass that goes into product pool;"be it food or wood harvest, any carbon that is subsequently stored is reported here";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;fLitterSoil; ;no;mon;Total Carbon Mass Flux from Litter to Soil;"Carbon mass flux per unit area into soil from litter (dead plant material in or above the soil).";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;fNAnthDisturb; ; ;mon;nitrogen mass flux out of land due to any human activity;"will require some careful definition to make sure we capture everything - any human activity that releases nitrogen from land  instead of into product pool goes here. E.g. Deforestation fire, harvest assumed to decompose straight away, grazing...";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;fNLandToOcean; ; ;mon;Lateral transfer of nitrogen out of gridcell that eventually goes into ocean;"leached nitrogen etc that goes into run off or river routing and finds its way into ocean should be reported here.";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;fNLitterSoil; ; ;mon;Total Nitrogen Mass Flux from Litter to Soil;"In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, ""flux"" implies per unit area, called ""flux density"" in physics. ""Litter"" is dead plant material in or above the soil.";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;fNProduct; ; ;mon;Deforested or harvested biomass as a result of anthropogenic land use or change;"When land use change results in deforestation of natural vegetation (trees or grasslands) then natural biomass is removed. The treatment of deforested biomass differs significantly across models, but it should be straight-forward to compare deforested biomass across models.";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;fNVegLitter; ; ;mon;Total Nitrogen Mass Flux from Vegetation to Litter;"In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, ""flux"" implies per unit area, called ""flux density"" in physics. ""Litter"" is dead plant material in or above the soil. ""Vegetation"" means any living plants e.g. trees, shrubs, grass.";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;fNVegSoil; ; ;mon;Total Nitrogen Mass Flux from Vegetation Directly to Soil;"In some models part of nitrogen (e.g., root exudate) can go directly into the soil pool without entering litter.";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;fNdep; ; ;mon;Dry and Wet Deposition of Reactive Nitrogen onto Land;"""Content"" indicates a quantity per unit area. The ""atmosphere content"" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including ""content_of_atmosphere_layer"" are used. ""tendency_of_X"" means derivative of X with respect to time. The phrase ""expressed_as"" is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. The specification of a physical process by the phrase ""due_to_"" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. ""Deposition"" is the sum of wet and dry deposition. ""Nitrogen compounds"" summarizes all chemical species containing nitrogen atoms. Usually, particle bound and gaseous nitrogen compounds, such as atomic nitrogen (N), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5), nitric acid (HNO3), nitrate (NO3-), peroxynitric acid (HNO4), ammonia (NH3), ammonium (NH4+), bromine nitrate (BrONO2), chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) and organic nitrates (most notably peroxyacetyl nitrate, sometimes referred to as PAN, (CH3COO2NO2)) are included. The list of individual species that are included in this quantity can vary between models. Where possible, the data variable should be accompanied by a complete description of the species represented, for example, by using a comment attribute.";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;fNfert; ;no;mon;total N added for cropland fertilisation (artificial and manure);"relative to total land area of a grid cell, not relative to agricultural area";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;fNloss; ;no;mon;Total N lost (including NHx, NOx, N2O, N2 and leaching);"Not all models split losses into gasesous and leaching";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;fNnetmin; ; ;mon;Net nitrogen release from soil and litter as the outcome of nitrogen immobilisation and gross mineralisation;"";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;fNup; ; ;mon;total plant nitrogen uptake (sum of ammonium and nitrate), irrespective of the source of nitrogen;"";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;fProductDecomp; ;no;mon;Decomposition out of Product Pools to CO2 in Atmosphere;"""tendency_of_X"" means derivative of X with respect to time. The phrase ""expressed_as"" is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. The chemical formula for carbon dioxide is CO2. ""Content"" indicates a quantity per unit area. The ""atmosphere content"" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including ""content_of_atmosphere_layer"" are used. The specification of a physical process by the phrase ""due_to_"" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. ""Emission"" means emission from a primary source located anywhere within the atmosphere, including at the lower boundary (i.e. the surface of the earth). ""Emission"" is a process entirely distinct from ""re-emission"" which is used in some standard names. Examples of ""forestry and agricultural products"" are paper, cardboard, furniture, timber for construction, biofuels and food for both humans and livestock. Models that simulate land use changes have one or more pools of carbon that represent these products in order to conserve carbon and allow its eventual release into the atmosphere, for example, when the products decompose in landfill sites.";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;fVegLitter;LITFALL;partly;mon;Total Carbon Mass Flux from Vegetation to Litter;"alias::litter_carbon_flux";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;fVegSoil;LITR1C_TO_SOIL1C+LITR2C_TO_SOIL2C+LITR3C_TO_SOIL3C;partly;mon;Total Carbon Mass Flux from Vegetation Directly to Soil;"Carbon mass flux per unit area from vegetation directly into soil, without intermediate conversion to litter.";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;gpp;GPP;partly;3hr,mon;Carbon Mass Flux out of Atmosphere due to Gross Primary Production on Land;"""Production of carbon"" means the production of biomass expressed as the mass of carbon which it contains. Gross primary production is the rate of synthesis of biomass from inorganic precursors by autotrophs (""producers""), for example, photosynthesis in plants or phytoplankton. The producers also respire some of this biomass and the difference is ""net_primary_production"". ""Productivity"" means production per unit area. The phrase ""expressed_as"" is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A.";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;grassFrac; ;no;mon;Natural Grass Area Percentage;"Percentage of entire grid cell that is covered by natural grass.";%
1;land;grassFracC3; ; ;mon;C3 grass Area Percentage;"Fraction of entire grid cell covered by C3 grass.";%
1;land;grassFracC4; ; ;mon;C4 grass Area Percentage;"Fraction of entire grid cell covered by C4 grass.";%
1;land;hfdsn; ; ;mon;Downward Heat Flux into Snow Where Land over Land;"the net downward heat flux from the atmosphere into the snow that lies on land divided by the land area in the grid cell; reported as 0.0 for snow-free land regions or where the land fraction is 0.";W m-2
1;land;lai;TLAI;partly;day,mon;Leaf Area Index;"""X_area"" means the horizontal area occupied by X within the grid cell.";1
1;land;mrfso;SOILICE;partly;mon;Soil Frozen Water Content;"The mass per unit area (summed over all model layers) of frozen water.";kg m-2
1;land;mrlso;SOILLIQ;partly;mon;Soil Liquid Water Content;"The mass (summed over all all layers) of liquid water.";kg m-2
1;land;mrro;QRUNOFF+QSNWCPICE;partly;mon;Total Run-off;"The total run-off (including drainage through the base of the soil model) per unit area leaving the land portion of the grid cell.";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;mrros;QOVER;partly;mon;Surface Run off;"The total surface run off leaving the land portion of the grid cell (excluding drainage through the base of the soil model).";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;mrsfl;SOILICE;partly;day,mon;Frozen water content of soil layer;"in each soil layer, the mass of water in ice phase.  Reported as ""missing"" for grid cells occupied entirely by ""sea""";kg m-2
1;land;mrsll;SOILLIQ ;partly;day;Liquid water content of soil layer;"in each soil layer, the mass of water in liquid phase.  Reported as ""missing"" for grid cells occupied entirely by ""sea""";kg m-2
1;land;mrso;SOILLIQ+SOILICE;partly;mon;Total Soil Moisture Content;"the mass per unit area  (summed over all soil layers) of water in all phases.";kg m-2
1;land;mrsol;SOILLIQ+SOILICE;no;day,mon;Total water content of soil layer;"in each soil layer, the mass of water in all phases, including ice.  Reported as ""missing"" for grid cells occupied entirely by ""sea""";kg m-2
1;land;mrsos;SOILWATER_10CM;partly;mon;Moisture in Upper Portion of Soil Column;"The mass of water in all phases in the upper 10cm of the  soil layer.";kg m-2
1;land;nLand; ;no;mon;Total nitrogen in all terrestrial nitrogen pools;"Report missing data over ocean grid cells. For fractional land report value averaged over the land fraction.";kg m-2
1;land;nLitter; ;no;mon;Nitrogen Mass in Litter Pool;"Report missing data over ocean grid cells. For fractional land report value averaged over the land fraction.";kg m-2
1;land;nMineral; ;no;mon;Mineral nitrogen in the soil;"SUM of ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, etc over all soil layers";kg m-2
1;land;nProduct; ;no;mon;Nitrogen Mass in Products of Land Use Change;"Report missing data over ocean grid cells. For fractional land report value averaged over the land fraction.";kg m-2
1;land;npp;NPP;partly;mon;Carbon Mass Flux out of Atmosphere due to Net Primary Production on Land;"""Production of carbon"" means the production of biomass expressed as the mass of carbon which it contains. Net primary production is the excess of gross primary production (rate of synthesis of biomass from inorganic precursors) by autotrophs (""producers""), for example, photosynthesis in plants or phytoplankton, over the rate at which the autotrophs themselves respire some of this biomass. ""Productivity"" means production per unit area. The phrase ""expressed_as"" is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A.";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;pastureFrac; ;no;mon;Percentage of Land which is Anthropogenic Pasture;"Percentage of entire grid cell  that is covered by anthropogenic pasture.";%
1;land;ra;AR;partly;3hr,mon;Carbon Mass Flux into Atmosphere due to Autotrophic (Plant) Respiration on Land;"Carbon mass flux per unit area into atmosphere due to autotrophic respiration on land (respiration by producers) [see rh for heterotrophic production]";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;residualFrac; ;no;mon;Percentage of Grid Cell that is Land but Neither Vegetation-Covered nor Bare Soil;"Percentage of entire grid cell  that is land and is covered by  neither vegetation nor bare-soil (e.g., urban, ice, lakes, etc.)";%
1;land;rh;HR;partly;3hr,mon;Carbon Mass Flux into Atmosphere due to Heterotrophic Respiration on Land;"Carbon mass flux per unit area into atmosphere due to heterotrophic respiration on land (respiration by consumers)";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;sbl; ;no;mon;Surface Snow and Ice Sublimation Flux;"The snow and ice sublimation flux is the loss of snow and ice mass per unit area from the surface resulting from their direct conversion to water vapor that enters the atmosphere.";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;shrubFrac; ;no;mon;Percentage Cover by Shrub;"Percentage of entire grid cell  that is covered by shrub.";%
1;land;snc; ; ;mon;Snow Area Fraction;"Fraction of each grid cell that is occupied by snow that rests on land portion of cell.";%
1;land;snd; ; ;mon;Snow Depth;"where land over land, this is computed as the mean thickness of snow in the land portion of the grid cell (averaging over the entire land portion, including the snow-free fraction).  Reported as 0.0 where the land fraction is 0.";m
1;land;snm; ; ;mon;Surface Snow Melt;"The total surface snow melt rate on the land portion of the grid cell divided by the land area in the grid cell; report as zero for snow-free land regions and missing where there is no land.";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;snw; ; ;mon;Surface Snow Amount;"The mass of surface snow on the land portion of the grid cell divided by the land area in the grid cell; reported as missing where the land fraction is 0; excludes snow on vegetation canopy or on sea ice.";kg m-2
1;land;tran;QVEGT;partly;mon;Transpiration;"Transpiration (may include dew formation as a negative flux).";kg m-2 s-1
1;land;treeFrac; ;no;mon;Percentage Tree Cover;"Percentage of entire grid cell  that is covered by trees.";%
1;land;treeFracBdlDcd; ; ;mon;Broadleaf deciduous tree fraction;"This is the fraction of the entire grid cell  that is covered by broadleaf deciduous trees.";%
1;land;treeFracBdlEvg; ; ;mon;Broadleaf evergreen tree fraction;"This is the fraction of the entire grid cell  that is covered by broadleaf evergreen trees.";%
1;land;treeFracNdlDcd; ; ;mon;Needleleaf deciduous tree fraction;"This is the fraction of the entire grid cell  that is covered by needleleaf deciduous trees.";%
1;land;tsn; ; ;mon;Snow Internal Temperature;"This temperature is averaged over all the snow in the grid cell that rests on land or land ice.  When computing the time-mean here, the time samples, weighted by the mass of snow on the land portion of the grid cell, are accumulated and then divided by the sum of the weights.   Reported as missing in regions free of snow on land.";K
1;landIce;agesno; ; ;mon;Mean Age of Snow;"Age of Snow (when computing the time-mean here, the time samples, weighted by the mass of snow on the land portion of the grid cell, are accumulated and then divided by the sum of the weights.  Reported as missing data in regions free of snow on land.";day
1;landIce;hfdsn; ; ;mon;Downward Heat Flux into Snow Where Land over Land;"the net downward heat flux from the atmosphere into the snow that lies on land divided by the land area in the grid cell; reported as 0.0 for snow-free land regions or where the land fraction is 0.";W m-2
1;landIce;mrfso;SOILICE;partly;mon;Soil Frozen Water Content;"The mass per unit area (summed over all model layers) of frozen water.";kg m-2
1;landIce;sbl; ;no;mon;Surface Snow and Ice Sublimation Flux;"The snow and ice sublimation flux is the loss of snow and ice mass per unit area from the surface resulting from their direct conversion to water vapor that enters the atmosphere.";kg m-2 s-1
1;landIce;snc; ; ;mon;Snow Area Fraction;"Fraction of each grid cell that is occupied by snow that rests on land portion of cell.";%
1;landIce;snd; ; ;mon;Snow Depth;"where land over land, this is computed as the mean thickness of snow in the land portion of the grid cell (averaging over the entire land portion, including the snow-free fraction).  Reported as 0.0 where the land fraction is 0.";m
1;landIce;snm; ; ;mon;Surface Snow Melt;"The total surface snow melt rate on the land portion of the grid cell divided by the land area in the grid cell; report as zero for snow-free land regions and missing where there is no land.";kg m-2 s-1
1;landIce;snw; ; ;mon;Surface Snow Amount;"The mass of surface snow on the land portion of the grid cell divided by the land area in the grid cell; reported as missing where the land fraction is 0; excludes snow on vegetation canopy or on sea ice.";kg m-2
1;landIce;tsn; ; ;mon;Snow Internal Temperature;"This temperature is averaged over all the snow in the grid cell that rests on land or land ice.  When computing the time-mean here, the time samples, weighted by the mass of snow on the land portion of the grid cell, are accumulated and then divided by the sum of the weights.   Reported as missing in regions free of snow on land.";K
1;ocean;agessc; ; ;mon;Sea Water Age Since Surface Contact;"Time elapsed since water was last in surface layer of the ocean.";yr
1;ocean;bigthetao; ;no;mon;Sea Water Conservative Temperature;"Sea water conservative temperature (this should be contributed only for models using conservative temperature as prognostic field)";degC
1;ocean;bigthetaoga; ;no;mon;Global Average Sea Water Conservative Temperature;"Diagnostic should be contributed only for models using conservative temperature as prognostic field.";degC
1;ocean;cfc11;cfc11;yes;mon;Moles Per Unit Mass of CFC-11 in Sea Water;"Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called ""molarity"", and is used in the construction ""mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y"", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as ""nitrogen"" or a phrase such as ""nox_expressed_as_nitrogen"". The chemical formula of CFC11 is CFCl3. The IUPAC name fof CFC11 is trichloro-fluoro-methane.";mol m-3
1;ocean;fgcfc12; ;no;mon;Surface Downward CFC12 flux;"gas exchange flux of CFC12";mol sec-1 m-2
1;ocean;hfbasin; ; ;mon;Northward Ocean Heat Transport;"Contains contributions from all physical processes affecting the northward heat transport, including resolved advection, parameterized advection, lateral diffusion, etc. Diagnosed here as a function of latitude and basin.   Use Celsius for temperature scale.";W
1;ocean;hfbasinpadv; ; ;mon;northward ocean heat transport due to parameterized eddy advection;"Contributions to heat transport from parameterized eddy-induced advective transport due to any subgrid advective process. Diagnosed here as a function of latitude and basin.  Use Celsius for temperature scale.";W
1;ocean;hfbasinpmadv; ; ;mon;northward ocean heat transport due to parameterized mesoscale advection;"Contributions to heat transport from parameterized mesoscale eddy-induced advective transport. Diagnosed here as a function of latitude and basin.  Use Celsius for temperature scale.";W
1;ocean;hfbasinpmdiff; ; ;mon;northward ocean heat transport due to parameterized mesoscale diffusion;"Contributions to heat transport from parameterized mesoscale eddy-induced diffusive transport (i.e., neutral diffusion). Diagnosed here as a function of latitude and basin.";W
1;ocean;hfbasinpsmadv; ; ;mon;northward ocean heat transport due to parameterized submesoscale advection;"Contributions to heat transport from parameterized mesoscale eddy-induced advective transport. Diagnosed here as a function of latitude and basin.  Use Celsius for temperature scale.";W
1;ocean;masscello;dp ;yes;mon;Ocean Grid-Cell Mass per area;"Tracer grid-cell mass per unit area used for computing tracer budgets. For Boussinesq models with static ocean grid cell thickness, masscello = rhozero*thickcello, where thickcello is static cell thickness and rhozero is constant Boussinesq reference density. More generally, masscello is time dependent and reported as part of Omon.";kg m-2
1;ocean;masso;dp;yes;mon;Sea Water Mass;"Total mass of liquid sea water. For Boussinesq models, report this diagnostic as Boussinesq reference density times total volume.";kg
1;ocean;mlotst; ; ;mon;Ocean Mixed Layer Thickness Defined by Sigma T;"Sigma T is potential density referenced to ocean surface.";m
1;ocean;mlotstmax; ; ;mon;Maximum Ocean Mixed Layer Thickness Defined by Sigma T;"Sigma T is potential density referenced to ocean surface.";m
1;ocean;mlotstmin; ; ;mon;Minimum Ocean Mixed Layer Thickness Defined by Sigma T;"Sigma T is potential density referenced to ocean surface.";m
1;ocean;msftbarot; ; ;mon;Ocean Barotropic Mass Streamfunction;"Streamfunction or its approximation for free surface models. See OMDP document for details.";kg s-1
1;ocean;msftmrho; ; ;mon;Ocean Meridional Overturning Mass Streamfunction;"Overturning mass streamfunction arising from all advective mass transport processes, resolved and parameterized.";kg s-1
1;ocean;msftmrhompa; ; ;mon;ocean meridional overturning mass streamfunction due to parameterized mesoscale advection;"CMIP5 called this ""due to Bolus Advection"".  Name change respects the more general physics of the mesoscale parameterizations.";kg s-1
1;ocean;msftmz; ; ;mon;Ocean Meridional Overturning Mass Streamfunction;"Overturning mass streamfunction arising from all advective mass transport processes, resolved and parameterized.";kg s-1
1;ocean;msftmzmpa; ; ;mon;ocean meridional overturning mass streamfunction due to parameterized mesoscale advection;"CMIP5 called this ""due to Bolus Advection"".  Name change respects the more general physics of the mesoscale parameterizations.";kg s-1
1;ocean;msftmzsmpa; ; ;mon;ocean meridional overturning mass streamfunction due to parameterized submesoscale advection;"Report only if there is a submesoscale eddy parameterization.";kg s-1
1;ocean;msftyrho; ; ;mon;Ocean Y Overturning Mass Streamfunction;"Overturning mass streamfunction arising from all advective mass transport processes, resolved and parameterized.";kg s-1
1;ocean;msftyrhompa; ; ;mon;ocean Y overturning mass streamfunction due to parameterized mesoscale advection;"CMIP5 called this ""due to Bolus Advection"".  Name change respects the more general physics of the mesoscale parameterizations.";kg s-1
1;ocean;msftyz; ; ;mon;Ocean Y Overturning Mass Streamfunction;"Overturning mass streamfunction arising from all advective mass transport processes, resolved and parameterized.";kg s-1
1;ocean;msftyzmpa; ; ;mon;ocean Y overturning mass streamfunction due to parameterized mesoscale advection;"CMIP5 called this ""due to Bolus Advection"".  Name change respects the more general physics of the mesoscale parameterizations.";kg s-1
1;ocean;msftyzsmpa; ; ;mon;ocean Y overturning mass streamfunction due to parameterized submesoscale advection;"Report only if there is a submesoscale eddy parameterization.";kg s-1
1;ocean;obvfsq; ; ;mon;Square of Brunt Vaisala Frequency in Sea Water;"The phrase ""square_of_X"" means X*X. Frequency is the number of oscillations of a wave per unit time. Brunt-Vaisala frequency is also sometimes called ""buoyancy frequency"" and is a measure of the vertical stratification of the medium.";s-2
1;ocean;pbo;dp;yes;mon;Sea Water Pressure at Sea floor;"""Sea water pressure"" is the pressure that exists in the medium of sea water.  It includes the pressure due to overlying sea water, sea ice, air and any other medium that may be present.";Pa
1;ocean;pso;NA;no;mon;Sea Water Pressure at Sea Water Surface;"The surface called ""surface"" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.  ""Sea water pressure"" is the pressure that exists in the medium of sea water.  It includes the pressure due to overlying sea water, sea ice, air and any other medium that may be present.";Pa
1;ocean;sithick;hi ;partly;mon;Sea-ice thickness;"Actual (floe) thickness of sea ice (NOT volume divided by grid area as was done in CMIP5)";m
1;ocean;so; ; ;mon;Sea Water Salinity;"Sea water salinity is the salt content of sea water, often on the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978. However, the unqualified term 'salinity' is generic and does not necessarily imply any particular method of calculation. The units of salinity are dimensionless and the units attribute should normally be given as 1e-3 or 0.001 i.e. parts per thousand. There are standard names for the more precisely defined salinity quantities: sea_water_knudsen_salinity, S_K (used for salinity observations between 1901 and 1966),  sea_water_cox_salinity, S_C (used for salinity observations between 1967 and 1977), sea_water_practical_salinity, S_P (used for salinity observations from 1978 to the present day), sea_water_absolute_salinity, S_A, sea_water_preformed_salinity, S_*, and sea_water_reference_salinity. Practical Salinity is reported on the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978 (PSS-78), and is usually based on the electrical conductivity of sea water in observations since the 1960s. Conversion of data between the observed scales follows: S_P = (S_K - 0.03) * (1.80655 / 1.805) and S_P = S_C, however the accuracy of the latter is dependent on whether chlorinity or conductivity was used to determine the S_C value, with this inconsistency driving the development of PSS-78. The more precise standard names should be used where appropriate for both modelled and observed salinities. In particular, the use of sea_water_salinity to describe salinity observations made from 1978 onwards is now deprecated in favor of the term sea_water_practical_salinity which is the salinity quantity stored by national data centers for post-1978 observations. The only exception to this is where the observed salinities are definitely known not to be recorded on the Practical Salinity Scale. The unit ""parts per thousand"" was used for sea_water_knudsen_salinity and sea_water_cox_salinity.";0.001
1;ocean;sob; ; ;mon;Sea water Salinity at Sea Floor;"Model prognostic salinity at bottom-most model grid cell";0.001
1;ocean;soga; ; ;mon;Global Mean Sea Water Salinity;"Sea water salinity is the salt content of sea water, often on the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978. However, the unqualified term 'salinity' is generic and does not necessarily imply any particular method of calculation. The units of salinity are dimensionless and the units attribute should normally be given as 1e-3 or 0.001 i.e. parts per thousand. There are standard names for the more precisely defined salinity quantities: sea_water_knudsen_salinity, S_K (used for salinity observations between 1901 and 1966),  sea_water_cox_salinity, S_C (used for salinity observations between 1967 and 1977), sea_water_practical_salinity, S_P (used for salinity observations from 1978 to the present day), sea_water_absolute_salinity, S_A, sea_water_preformed_salinity, S_*, and sea_water_reference_salinity. Practical Salinity is reported on the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978 (PSS-78), and is usually based on the electrical conductivity of sea water in observations since the 1960s. Conversion of data between the observed scales follows: S_P = (S_K - 0.03) * (1.80655 / 1.805) and S_P = S_C, however the accuracy of the latter is dependent on whether chlorinity or conductivity was used to determine the S_C value, with this inconsistency driving the development of PSS-78. The more precise standard names should be used where appropriate for both modelled and observed salinities. In particular, the use of sea_water_salinity to describe salinity observations made from 1978 onwards is now deprecated in favor of the term sea_water_practical_salinity which is the salinity quantity stored by national data centers for post-1978 observations. The only exception to this is where the observed salinities are definitely known not to be recorded on the Practical Salinity Scale. The unit ""parts per thousand"" was used for sea_water_knudsen_salinity and sea_water_cox_salinity.";0.001
1;ocean;sos; ; ;mon;Sea Surface Salinity;"Sea surface salinity is the salt content of sea water close to the sea surface, often on the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978. However, the unqualified term 'salinity' is generic and does not necessarily imply any particular method of calculation. The units of salinity are dimensionless and the units attribute should normally be given as 1e-3 or 0.001 i.e. parts per thousand. Sea surface salinity is often abbreviated as ""SSS"". For the salinity of sea water at a particular depth or layer, a data variable of ""sea_water_salinity"" or one of the more precisely defined salinities should be used with a vertical coordinate axis. There are standard names for the precisely defined salinity quantities: sea_water_knudsen_salinity, S_K (used for salinity observations between 1901 and 1966), sea_water_cox_salinity, S_C (used for salinity observations between 1967 and 1977), sea_water_practical_salinity, S_P (used for salinity observations from 1978 to the present day), sea_water_absolute_salinity, S_A, sea_water_preformed_salinity, S_*, and sea_water_reference_salinity. Practical Salinity is reported on the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978 (PSS-78), and is usually based on the electrical conductivity of sea water in observations since the 1960s. Conversion of data between the observed scales follows: S_P = (S_K - 0.03) * (1.80655 / 1.805) and S_P = S_C, however the accuracy of the latter is dependent on whether chlorinity or conductivity was used to determine the S_C value, with this inconsistency driving the development of PSS-78. The more precise standard names should be used where appropriate for both modelled and observed salinities. In particular, the use of sea_water_salinity to describe salinity observations made from 1978 onwards is now deprecated in favor of the term sea_water_practical_salinity which is the salinity quantity stored by national data centers for post-1978 observations. The only exception to this is where the observed salinities are definitely known not to be recorded on the Practical Salinity Scale. The unit ""parts per thousand"" was used for sea_water_knudsen_salinity and sea_water_cox_salinity.";0.001
1;ocean;sosga; ; ;mon;Global Average Sea Surface Salinity;"Sea surface salinity is the salt content of sea water close to the sea surface, often on the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978. However, the unqualified term 'salinity' is generic and does not necessarily imply any particular method of calculation. The units of salinity are dimensionless and the units attribute should normally be given as 1e-3 or 0.001 i.e. parts per thousand. Sea surface salinity is often abbreviated as ""SSS"". For the salinity of sea water at a particular depth or layer, a data variable of ""sea_water_salinity"" or one of the more precisely defined salinities should be used with a vertical coordinate axis. There are standard names for the precisely defined salinity quantities: sea_water_knudsen_salinity, S_K (used for salinity observations between 1901 and 1966), sea_water_cox_salinity, S_C (used for salinity observations between 1967 and 1977), sea_water_practical_salinity, S_P (used for salinity observations from 1978 to the present day), sea_water_absolute_salinity, S_A, sea_water_preformed_salinity, S_*, and sea_water_reference_salinity. Practical Salinity is reported on the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978 (PSS-78), and is usually based on the electrical conductivity of sea water in observations since the 1960s. Conversion of data between the observed scales follows: S_P = (S_K - 0.03) * (1.80655 / 1.805) and S_P = S_C, however the accuracy of the latter is dependent on whether chlorinity or conductivity was used to determine the S_C value, with this inconsistency driving the development of PSS-78. The more precise standard names should be used where appropriate for both modelled and observed salinities. In particular, the use of sea_water_salinity to describe salinity observations made from 1978 onwards is now deprecated in favor of the term sea_water_practical_salinity which is the salinity quantity stored by national data centers for post-1978 observations. The only exception to this is where the observed salinities are definitely known not to be recorded on the Practical Salinity Scale. The unit ""parts per thousand"" was used for sea_water_knudsen_salinity and sea_water_cox_salinity.";0.001
1;ocean;thetao;temp;yes;mon;Sea Water Potential Temperature;"Diagnostic should be contributed even for models using conservative temperature as prognostic field.";degC
1;ocean;thetaoga;temp;yes;mon;Global Average Sea Water Potential Temperature;"Diagnostic should be contributed even for models using conservative temperature as prognostic field";degC
1;ocean;thkcello;dz;yes;mon;Ocean Model Cell Thickness;"""Thickness"" means the vertical extent of a layer. ""Cell"" refers to a model grid-cell.";m
1;ocean;tob; ;no;mon;Sea Water Potential Temperature at Sea Floor;"Potential temperature at the ocean bottom-most grid cell.";degC
1;ocean;tos;sst;yes;mon;Sea Surface Temperature;"Temperature of upper boundary of the liquid ocean, including temperatures below sea-ice and floating ice shelves.";degC
1;ocean;tosga; ;no;mon;Global Average Sea Surface Temperature;"Temperature of upper boundary of the liquid ocean, including temperatures below sea-ice and floating ice shelves.";degC
1;ocean;umo; ; ;mon;Ocean Mass X Transport;"X-ward mass transport from resolved and parameterized advective transport.";kg s-1
1;ocean;uo; ; ;mon;Sea Water X Velocity;"Prognostic x-ward velocity component resolved by the model.";m s-1
1;ocean;vmo; ; ;mon;Ocean Mass Y Transport;"Y-ward mass transport from resolved and parameterized advective transport.";kg s-1
1;ocean;vo; ; ;mon;Sea Water Y Velocity;"Prognostic x-ward velocity component resolved by the model.";m s-1
1;ocean;volcello;dz;partly;fx;Ocean Grid-Cell Volume;"grid-cell volume ca. 2000.";m3
1;ocean;volo;dz;yes;mon;Sea Water Volume;"Total volume of liquid sea water.";m3
1;ocean;wmo; ; ;mon;Upward Ocean Mass Transport;"Upward mass transport from resolved and parameterized advective transport.";kg s-1
1;ocean;wo; ; ;mon;Sea Water Vertical Velocity;"A velocity is a vector quantity. ""Upward"" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward).";m s-1
1;ocean;zfullo;dz;partly;yr;Depth Below Geoid of Ocean Layer;"Depth below geoid";m
1;ocean;zos;sealv;yes;mon;Sea Surface Height Above Geoid;"This is the dynamic sea level, so should have zero global area mean. It should not include inverse barometer depressions from sea ice.";m
1;ocean;zostoga;temp;yes;mon;Global Average Thermosteric Sea Level Change;"There is no CMIP6 request for zosga nor zossga.";m
1;ocnBgChem;chlos; ; ;day,mon;Sea Surface Total Chlorophyll Mass Concentration;"Sum of chlorophyll from all phytoplankton group concentrations at the sea surface.  In most models this is equal to chldiat+chlmisc, that is the sum of 'Diatom Chlorophyll Mass Concentration' plus 'Other Phytoplankton Chlorophyll Mass Concentration'";kg m-3
1;ocnBgChem;dfeos; ; ;mon;Surface Dissolved Iron Concentration;"dissolved iron in sea water is meant to include both Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions (but not, e.g., particulate detrital iron)";mol m-3
1;ocnBgChem;dissi13cos; ;no;mon;Surface Dissolved Inorganic 13Carbon Concentration;"Dissolved inorganic 14carbon (CO3+HCO3+H2CO3) concentration";mol m-3
1;ocnBgChem;dissi14cabioos; ;no;mon;Surface Abiotic Dissolved Inorganic 14Carbon Concentration;"Abiotic Dissolved inorganic 14carbon (CO3+HCO3+H2CO3) concentration";mol m-3
1;ocnBgChem;dissicabioos; ;no;mon;Surface Abiotic Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Concentration;"Abiotic Dissolved inorganic carbon (CO3+HCO3+H2CO3) concentration";mol m-3
1;ocnBgChem;dissicnat; ;no;yr;Natural Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Concentration;"Dissolved inorganic carbon (CO3+HCO3+H2CO3) concentration at preindustrial atmospheric xCO2";mol m-3
1;ocnBgChem;dissicnatos; ;no;mon;Surface Natural Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Concentration;"Dissolved inorganic carbon (CO3+HCO3+H2CO3) concentration at preindustrial atmospheric xCO2";mol m-3
1;ocnBgChem;no3os; ; ;mon;Surface Dissolved Nitrate Concentration;"Mole concentration means moles (amount of substance) per unit volume and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.";mol m-3
1;ocnBgChem;o2os; ; ;mon;Surface Dissolved Oxygen Concentration;"'Mole concentration' means number of moles per unit volume, also called""molarity"", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, whereX is a material constituent of Y.  A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'.";mol m-3
1;ocnBgChem;o2satos; ; ;mon;Surface Dissolved Oxygen Concentration at Saturation;"""Mole concentration at saturation"" means the mole concentration in a saturated solution. Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called ""molarity"", and is used in the construction ""mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y"", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as ""nitrogen"" or a phrase such as ""nox_expressed_as_nitrogen"".";mol m-3
1;ocnBgChem;sios; ; ;mon;Surface Total Dissolved Inorganic Silicon Concentration;"Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called ""molarity"", and is used in the construction ""mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y"", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as ""nitrogen"" or a phrase such as ""nox_expressed_as_nitrogen"". ""Dissolved inorganic silicon"" means the sum of all inorganic silicon in solution (including silicic acid and its first dissociated anion SiO(OH)3-).";mol m-3
1;ocnBgChem;talknat; ; ;yr;Natural Total Alkalinity;"total alkalinity equivalent concentration (including carbonate, borate, phosphorus, silicon, and nitrogen components) at preindustrial atmospheric xCO2";mol m-3
1;ocnBgChem;talknatos; ; ;mon;Surface Natural Total Alkalinity;"total alkalinity equivalent concentration (including carbonate, borate, phosphorus, silicon, and nitrogen components) at preindustrial atmospheric xCO2";mol m-3
1;seaIce;siconc;aice;partly;mon;Sea-ice area fraction;"Area fraction of grid cell covered by sea ice";%
1;seaIce;siconca; ;no;mon;Sea-ice area fraction;"Area fraction of grid cell covered by sea ice";%
1;seaIce;simass;hi*917+hs*330;partly;mon;Sea-ice mass per area;"Total mass of sea ice divided by grid-cell area";kg m-2
1;seaIce;sisnconc;fs;partly;mon;Snow area fraction;"Fraction of sea ice, by area, which is covered by snow, giving equal weight to every square metre of sea ice . Exclude snow that lies on land or land ice.";%
1;seaIce;sisnmass;fs*hs;no;mon;Snow mass per area;"Total mass of snow on sea ice divided by grid-cell area";kg m-2
1;seaIce;sisnthick;hs;partly;mon;Snow thickness;"Actual thickness of snow (snow volume divided by snow-covered area)";m
1;seaIce;sispeed; ;no;mon;Sea-ice speed;"Speed of ice (i.e. mean absolute velocity) to account for back-and-forth movement of the ice";m s-1
1;seaIce;sitemptop;Tsfc ?;partly;mon;Surface temperature of sea ice;"Report surface temperature of snow where snow covers the sea ice.";K
1;seaIce;sithick;hi ;partly;mon;Sea-ice thickness;"Actual (floe) thickness of sea ice (NOT volume divided by grid area as was done in CMIP5)";m
1;seaIce;sitimefrac; ;no;mon;Fraction of time steps with sea ice;"Fraction of time steps of the averaging period during which sea ice is present (siconc >0 ) in a grid cell";1
1;seaIce;siu;uvel_d;partly;mon;X-component of sea ice velocity;"The x-velocity of ice on native model grid";m s-1
1;seaIce;siv;vvel_d;partly;mon;Y-component of sea ice velocity;"The y-velocity of ice on native model grid";m s-1
1;seaIce;sivol;aice*hi ?;no;mon;Sea-ice volume per area;"Total volume of sea ice divided by grid-cell area (this used to be called ice thickness in CMIP5)";m
2;atmos;co23D; ;no;mon;3D field of transported CO2;"report 3D field of model simulated atmospheric CO2 mass mixing ration on model levels";kg kg-1
2;atmos;prra; ; ;mon;Rainfall rate;"In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, ""flux"" implies per unit area, called ""flux density"" in physics.";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;c13Land; ;no;mon;Mass of 13C in all terrestrial carbon pools;"""Content"" indicates a quantity per unit area. ""Vegetation"" means any living plants e.g. trees, shrubs, grass. ""Litter"" is dead plant material in or above the soil. The ""soil content"" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. Examples of ""forestry and agricultural products"" are paper, cardboard, furniture, timber for construction, biofuels and food for both humans and livestock. Models that simulate land use changes have one or more pools of carbon that represent these products in order to conserve carbon and allow its eventual release into the atmosphere, for example, when the products decompose in landfill sites. ""C"" means the element carbon and ""13C"" is the stable isotope ""carbon-13"", having six protons and seven neutrons.";kg m-2
2;land;c13Litter; ;no;mon;Mass of 13C in Litter Pool;"""Content"" indicates a quantity per unit area. ""Litter"" is dead plant material in or above the soil. ""C"" means the element carbon and ""13C"" is the stable isotope ""carbon-13"", having six protons and seven neutrons.";kg m-2
2;land;c13Soil; ;no;mon;Mass of 13C in Soil Pool;"""Content"" indicates a quantity per unit area. The ""soil content"" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including ""content_of_soil_layer"" are used. ""C"" means the element carbon and ""13C"" is the stable isotope ""carbon-13"", having six protons and seven neutrons.";kg m-2
2;land;c13Veg; ;no;mon;Mass of 13C in Vegetation;"""Content"" indicates a quantity per unit area. ""Vegetation"" means any living plants e.g. trees, shrubs, grass. ""C"" means the element carbon and ""13C"" is the stable isotope ""carbon-13"", having six protons and seven neutrons.";kg m-2
2;land;c14Litter; ;no;mon;Mass of 14C in Litter Pool;"""Content"" indicates a quantity per unit area. ""Litter"" is dead plant material in or above the soil. ""C"" means the element carbon and ""14C"" is the radioactive isotope ""carbon-14"", having six protons and eight neutrons and used in radiocarbon dating.";kg m-2
2;land;c14Soil; ;no;mon;Mass of 14C in Soil Pool;"""Content"" indicates a quantity per unit area. The ""soil content"" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including ""content_of_soil_layer"" are used. ""C"" means the element carbon and ""14C"" is the radioactive isotope ""carbon-14"", having six protons and eight neutrons and used in radiocarbon dating.";kg m-2
2;land;c14Veg; ;no;mon;Mass of 14C in Vegetation;"""Content"" indicates a quantity per unit area. ""Vegetation"" means any living plants e.g. trees, shrubs, grass. ""C"" means the element carbon and ""14C"" is the radioactive isotope ""carbon-14"", having six protons and eight neutrons and used in radiocarbon dating.";kg m-2
2;land;cLeaf;LEAFC;partly;mon;Carbon Mass in Leaves;"Carbon mass per unit area in leaves.";kg m-2
2;land;cLitterCwd; ; ;mon;Carbon Mass in Coarse Woody Debris;"""Content"" indicates a quantity per unit area. ""Wood debris"" means dead organic matter composed of coarse wood. It is distinct from fine litter. The precise distinction between ""fine"" and ""coarse"" is model dependent. The sum of the quantities with standard names wood_debris_mass_content_of_nitrogen, surface_litter_mass_content_of_nitrogen and subsurface_litter_mass_content_of_nitrogen is the total nitrogen mass content of dead plant material.";kg m-2
2;land;cLitterGrass; ; ;mon;Carbon mass in litter on grass tiles;"alias::litter_carbon_content";kg m-2
2;land;cLitterShrub; ; ;mon;Carbon mass in litter on shrub tiles;"alias::litter_carbon_content";kg m-2
2;land;cLitterSubSurf; ; ;mon;Carbon Mass in Below-Ground Litter;"sub-surface litter pool fed by root inputs.";kg m-2
2;land;cLitterSurf; ; ;mon;Carbon Mass in Above-Ground Litter;"Surface or near-surface litter pool fed by leaf and above-ground litterfall";kg m-2
2;land;cLitterTree; ; ;mon;Carbon mass in litter on tree tiles;"alias::litter_carbon_content";kg m-2
2;land;cOther; ; ;mon;Carbon Mass in Vegetation Components other than Leaves, Stems and Roots;"E.g. fruits, seeds, etc.";kg m-2
2;land;cRoot;LIVECROOTC+DEADCROOTC;partly;mon;Carbon Mass in Roots;"Carbon mass per unit area in roots, including fine and coarse roots.";kg m-2
2;land;cSoilGrass; ; ;mon;Carbon mass in soil on grass tiles;"alias::soil_carbon_content";kg m-2
2;land;cSoilLevels; ; ;mon;Carbon mass in each model soil level (summed over all soil carbon pools in that level);"for models with vertically discretised soil carbon, report total soil carbon for each level";kg m-2
2;land;cSoilPools; ; ;mon;Carbon mass in each model soil pool (summed over vertical levels);"for models with multiple soil carbon pools, report each pool here. If models also have vertical discretaisation these should be aggregated";kg m-2
2;land;cSoilShrub; ; ;mon;Carbon mass in soil on shrub tiles;"alias::soil_carbon_content";kg m-2
2;land;cSoilTree; ; ;mon;Carbon mass in soil on tree tiles;"alias::soil_carbon_content";kg m-2
2;land;cStem; ; ;mon;Carbon Mass in Stem;"including sapwood and hardwood.";kg m-2
2;land;cVegGrass; ; ;mon;Carbon mass in vegetation on grass tiles;"""Content"" indicates a quantity per unit area. ""Vegetation"" means any plants e.g. trees, shrubs, grass.";kg m-2
2;land;cVegShrub; ; ;mon;Carbon mass in vegetation on shrub tiles;"""Content"" indicates a quantity per unit area. ""Vegetation"" means any plants e.g. trees, shrubs, grass.";kg m-2
2;land;cVegTree; ; ;mon;Carbon mass in vegetation on tree tiles;"""Content"" indicates a quantity per unit area. ""Vegetation"" means any plants e.g. trees, shrubs, grass.";kg m-2
2;land;fDeforestToAtmos; ; ;mon;Deforested biomass that goes into atmosphere as a result of anthropogenic land use change;"When land use change results in deforestation of natural vegetation (trees or grasslands) then natural biomass is removed. The treatment of deforested biomass differs significantly across models, but it should be straight-forward to compare deforested biomass across models.";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;fFireAll; ; ;mon;Carbon Mass Flux into Atmosphere due to CO2 emissions from Fire resulting from all sources including natural, anthropogenic and land use change.;"Only total fire emissions can be compared to observations.";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;fHarvestToAtmos; ; ;mon;Harvested biomass that goes straight into atmosphere;"any harvested carbon that is assumed to decompose immediately into the atmosphere is reported here";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;fLitterFire; ; ;mon;Carbon Mass Flux from Litter, CWD or any non-living pool into Atmosphere due to CO2 Emission from all Fire;"Required for unambiguous separation of vegetation and soil + litter turnover times, since total fire flux draws from both sources";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;fVegFire; ; ;mon;Carbon Mass Flux from Vegetation into Atmosphere due to CO2 Emission from all Fire;"Required for unambiguous separation of vegetation and soil + litter turnover times, since total fire flux draws from both sources";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;fVegLitterMortality; ; ;mon;Total Carbon Mass Flux from Vegetation to Litter as a Result of Mortality;"needed to separate changing vegetation C turnover times resulting from changing allocation versus changing mortality";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;fVegLitterSenescence; ; ;mon;Total Carbon Mass Flux from Vegetation to Litter as a Result of Leaf, Branch, and Root Senescence;"needed to separate changing vegetation C turnover times resulting from changing allocation versus changing mortality";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;fVegSoilMortality; ; ;mon;Total Carbon Mass Flux from Vegetation to Soil as a result of mortality;"needed to separate changing vegetation C turnover times resulting from changing allocation versus changing mortality";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;fVegSoilSenescence; ; ;mon;Total Carbon Mass Flux from Vegetation to Soil as a result of leaf, branch, and root senescence;"needed to separate changing vegetation C turnover times resulting from changing allocation versus changing mortality";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;gppGrass; ; ;mon;gross primary production on grass tiles;"Total GPP of grass in the gridcell";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;gppShrub; ; ;mon;gross primary production on Shrub tiles;"Total GPP of shrubs in the gridcell";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;gppTree; ; ;mon;gross primary production on tree tiles;"Total GPP of trees in the gridcell";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;lwsnl; ; ;mon;Liquid Water Content of Snow Layer;"The total mass of liquid water contained interstitially within the whole depth of the snow layer of the land portion of a grid cell divided by the area of the land portion of the cell.";kg m-2
2;land;mrtws; ; ;mon;Terrestrial Water Storage;"Mass of water in all phases and in all components including soil, canopy, vegetation, ice sheets, rivers and ground water.";kg m-2
2;land;nLeaf; ; ;mon;Nitrogen Mass in Leaves;"""Content"" indicates a quantity per unit area.";kg m-2
2;land;nStem; ; ;mon;Nitrogen Mass in Stem;"including sapwood and hardwood.";kg m-2
2;land;nppGrass; ; ;mon;net primary production on grass tiles;"Total NPP of grass in the gridcell";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;nppLeaf;LEAFC_ALLOC;partly;mon;Carbon Mass Flux due to NPP Allocation to Leaf;"This is the rate of carbon uptake by leaves due to NPP";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;nppOther; ; ;mon;Net Primary Production Allocated to Other Pools (not leaves stem or roots);"added for completeness with npp_root";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;nppRoot;FROOTC_ALLOC;partly;mon;Carbon Mass Flux due to NPP Allocation to Roots;"This is the rate of carbon uptake by roots due to NPP";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;nppShrub; ; ;mon;net primary production on Shrub tiles;"Total NPP of shrubs in the gridcell";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;nppStem; ; ;mon;Net Primary Production Allocated to Stem;"added for completeness with npp_root";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;nppTree; ; ;mon;net primary production on tree tiles;"Total NPP of trees in the gridcell";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;pastureFracC3; ; ;mon;C3 Pasture Area Percentage;"Percentage of entire grid cell covered by C3 pasture";%
2;land;pastureFracC4; ; ;mon;C4 Pasture Area Percentage;"Percentage of entire grid cell covered by C4 pasture";%
2;land;prveg;QINTR;partly;mon;Precipitation onto Canopy;"The precipitation flux that is intercepted by the vegetation canopy (if present in model) before reaching the ground.";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;raGrass; ; ;mon;Autotrophic rRespiration on Grass Tiles;"Total RA of grass in the gridcell";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;raLeaf; ; ;mon;Total respiration from leaves;"added for completeness with Ra_root";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;raOther; ; ;mon;Total respiration from other pools (not leaves stem or roots);"added for completeness with Ra_root";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;raRoot; ; ;mon;Total Respiration from Roots;"Total autotrophic respiration from all belowground plant parts.  This has benchmarking value because the sum of Rh and root respiration can be compared to observations of total soil respiration.";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;raShrub; ; ;mon;autotrophic respiration on Shrub tiles;"Total RA of shrubs in the gridcell";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;raStem; ; ;mon;Total Respiration from Stem;"added for completeness with Ra_root";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;raTree; ; ;mon;autotrophic respiration on tree tiles;"Total RA of trees in the gridcell";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;rac14; ;no;mon;Mass Flux of 14C into Atmosphere due to Autotrophic (Plant) Respiration on Land;"";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;rhGrass; ; ;mon;heterotrophic respiration on grass tiles;"Total RH of grass in the gridcell";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;rhLitter; ; ;mon;Carbon Mass Flux into Atmosphere due to Heterotrophic Respiration from Litter on Land;"Needed to calculate litter bulk turnover time. Includes respiration from CWD as well.";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;rhShrub; ; ;mon;heterotrophic respiration on Shrub tiles;"Total RH of shrubs in the gridcell";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;rhSoil; ; ;mon;Carbon Mass Flux into Atmosphere due to Heterotrophic Respiration from Soil on Land;"Needed to calculate soil bulk turnover time";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;rhTree; ; ;mon;heterotrophic respiration on tree tiles;"Total RH of trees in the gridcell";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;rhc13; ;no;mon;Mass Flux of 13C into Atmosphere due to Heterotrophic Respiration on Land;"";kg m-2 s-1
2;land;sootsn; ; ;mon;Snow Soot Content;"the entire land portion of the grid cell is considered, with snow soot content set to 0.0 in regions free of snow.";kg m-2
2;land;tSoilPools; ; ;mon;turnover rate of each model soil carbon pool;"defined as 1/(turnover time) for each soil pool. Use the same pools reported under cSoilPools";s-1
2;land;tsl;TSOI;partly;day,mon;Temperature of Soil;"Temperature of soil. Reported as missing for grid cells with no land.";K
2;land;vegHeightCrop; ; ;mon;Vegetation height averaged over the crop fraction of a grid cell.;"Height is the vertical distance above the surface. ""Canopy"" means the plant or vegetation canopy.";m
2;land;vegHeightGrass; ; ;mon;Vegetation height averaged over the grass fraction of a grid cell.;"Height is the vertical distance above the surface. ""Canopy"" means the plant or vegetation canopy.";m
2;land;vegHeightPasture; ; ;mon;Vegetation height averaged over the pasture fraction of a grid cell.;"Height is the vertical distance above the surface. ""Canopy"" means the plant or vegetation canopy.";m
2;land;vegHeightShrub; ; ;mon;Vegetation height averaged over the shrub fraction of a grid cell.;"Height is the vertical distance above the surface. ""Canopy"" means the plant or vegetation canopy.";m
2;land;wtd; ; ;mon;Water table depth;"Depth is the vertical distance below the surface. The water table is the surface below which the soil is saturated with water such that all pore spaces are filled.";m
2;landIce;lwsnl; ; ;mon;Liquid Water Content of Snow Layer;"The total mass of liquid water contained interstitially within the whole depth of the snow layer of the land portion of a grid cell divided by the area of the land portion of the cell.";kg m-2
2;landIce;sootsn; ; ;mon;Snow Soot Content;"the entire land portion of the grid cell is considered, with snow soot content set to 0.0 in regions free of snow.";kg m-2
2;ocean;cfc12;cfc12;yes;mon;Mole Concentration of CFC-12 in Sea water;"Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called ""molarity"", and is used in the construction ""mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y"", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as ""nitrogen"" or a phrase such as ""nox_expressed_as_nitrogen"". The chemical formula for CFC12 is CF2Cl2. The IUPAC name for CFC12 is dichloro-difluoro-methane.";mol m-3
2;ocean;evs; ; ;mon;Water Evaporation Flux Where Ice Free Ocean over Sea;"computed as the total mass of water vapor evaporating from the ice-free portion of the ocean  divided by the area of the ocean portion of the grid cell.";kg m-2 s-1
2;ocean;fgcfc11; ;no;mon;Surface Downward CFC11 flux;"gas exchange flux of CFC11";mol sec-1 m-2
2;ocean;fgsf6; ;no;mon;Surface Downward SF6 flux;"gas exchange flux of SF6";mol sec-1 m-2
2;ocean;ficeberg; ; ;mon;Water Flux into Sea Water From Icebergs;"computed as the iceberg melt water  flux into the ocean divided by the area of the ocean portion of the grid cell.";kg m-2 s-1
2;ocean;friver; ; ;mon;Water Flux into Sea Water From Rivers;"computed as the river flux of water into the ocean divided by the area of the ocean portion of the grid cell.";kg m-2 s-1
2;ocean;hfx; ; ;mon;Ocean Heat X Transport;"Contains all contributions to ""x-ward"" heat transport from resolved and parameterized processes.  Use Celsius for temperature scale.";W
2;ocean;hfy; ; ;mon;Ocean Heat Y Transport;"Contains all contributions to ""y-ward"" heat transport from resolved and parameterized processes. Use Celsius for temperature scale.";W
2;ocean;htovgyre; ; ;mon;Northward Ocean Heat Transport due to Gyre;"From all advective mass transport processes, resolved and parameterized.";W
2;ocean;htovovrt; ; ;mon;Northward Ocean Heat Transport due to Overturning;"From all advective mass transport processes, resolved and parameterized.";W
2;ocean;mfo; ; ;mon;Sea Water Transport;"Transport across_line means that which crosses a particular line on the Earth's surface; formally this means the integral along the line of the normal component of the transport.";kg s-1
2;ocean;sf6; ;no;mon;Moles Per Unit Mass of SF6 in Sea Water;"Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called ""molarity"", and is used in the construction ""mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y"", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as ""nitrogen"" or a phrase such as ""nox_expressed_as_nitrogen"". The chemical formula of sulfur hexafluoride is SF6.";mol m-3
2;ocean;sltovgyre; ; ;mon;Northward Ocean Salt Transport due to Gyre;"From all advective mass transport processes, resolved and parameterized.";kg s-1
2;ocean;sltovovrt; ; ;mon;Northward Ocean Salt Transport due to Overturning;"From all advective mass transport processes, resolved and parameterized.";kg s-1
2;ocnBgChem;dissi14c; ;no;mon;Concentration of DI14C;"alias::mole_concentration_of_dissolved_inorganic_carbon14_in_sea_water";mol m-3
2;ocnBgChem;o2sat; ; ;yr;Dissolved Oxygen Concentration at Saturation;"""Mole concentration at saturation"" means the mole concentration in a saturated solution. Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called ""molarity"", and is used in the construction ""mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y"", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as ""nitrogen"" or a phrase such as ""nox_expressed_as_nitrogen"".";mol m-3
2;ocnBgChem;phabioos; ; ;mon;Surface Abiotic pH;"negative log10 of hydrogen ion concentration with the concentration expressed as mol H kg-1.";1
2;ocnBgChem;phnatos; ; ;mon;Surface Natural pH;"negative log10 of hydrogen ion concentration with the concentration expressed as mol H kg-1.";1
2;ocnBgChem;phycos; ;no;day,mon;Sea Surface Phytoplankton Carbon Concentration;"sum of phytoplankton organic carbon component concentrations at the sea surface";mol m-3
2;ocnBgChem;remoc; ; ;yr;Remineralization of Organic Carbon;"""tendency_of_X"" means derivative of X with respect to time. Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called ""molarity"", and is used in the construction ""mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y"", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as ""nitrogen"" or a phrase such as ""nox_expressed_as_nitrogen"". The phrase ""expressed_as"" is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. The specification of a physical process by the phrase ""due_to_"" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. Remineralization is the degradation of organic matter into inorganic forms of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and other micronutrients, which consumes oxygen and releases energy.";mol m-3 s-1
2;seaIce;sfdsi; ;no;mon;Downward Sea Ice Basal Salt Flux;"This field is physical, and it arises since sea ice has a nonzero salt content, so it exchanges salt with the liquid ocean upon melting and freezing.";kg m-2 s-1
2;seaIce;siage;iage;partly;mon;Age of sea ice;"Age of sea ice";s
2;seaIce;siareaacrossline; ;no;mon;Sea ice area flux through straits;"net (sum of transport in all directions) sea ice area transport through the following four passages, positive into the Arctic Ocean 1. Fram Strait = (11.5W,81.3N to (10.5E,79.6N) 2. Canadian Archipelago = (128.2W,70.6N) to (59.3W,82.1N) 3. Barents opening = (16.8E,76.5N) to (19.2E,70.2N) 4. Bering Strait = (171W,66.2N) to (166W,65N)";m2 s-1
2;seaIce;siarean;aice;no;mon;Sea ice area North;"total area of sea ice in the Northern hemisphere";1e6 km2
2;seaIce;siareas;aice;no;mon;Sea ice area South;"total area of sea ice in the Southern hemisphere";1e6 km2
2;seaIce;sicompstren;strenght ?;partly;mon;Compressive sea ice strength;"Computed strength of the ice pack, defined as the energy (J m-2) dissipated per unit area removed from the ice pack under compression, and assumed proportional to the change in potential energy caused by ridging. For Hibler-type models, this is P (= P*hexp(-C(1-A)))";N m-1
2;seaIce;sidconcdyn; ;no;mon;sea-ice area fraction change from dynamics;"Total change in sea-ice area fraction through dynamics-related processes (advection, divergence...)";s-1
2;seaIce;sidconcth; ;no;mon;sea-ice area fraction change from thermodynamics;"Total change in sea-ice area fraction through thermodynamic processes";s-1
2;seaIce;sidivvel;divu ?;partly;monPt;Divergence of the sea-ice velocity field;"Divergence of sea-ice velocity field (first shear strain invariant)";s-1
2;seaIce;sidmassdyn; ;no;mon;sea-ice mass change from dynamics;"Total change in sea-ice mass through dynamics-related processes (advection,...) divided by grid-cell area";kg m-2 s-1
2;seaIce;sidmassevapsubl;evap_ai ?;partly;mon;sea-ice mass change through evaporation and sublimation;"The rate of change of sea-ice mass change through evaporation and sublimation divided by grid-cell area";kg m-2 s-1
2;seaIce;sidmassgrowthbot;congel ?;partly;mon;sea-ice mass change through basal growth;"The rate of change of sea ice mass due to vertical growth of existing sea ice at its base divided by grid-cell area.";kg m-2 s-1
2;seaIce;sidmassgrowthwat;frazil;partly;mon;sea-ice mass change through growth in supercooled open water (aka frazil);"The rate of change of sea ice mass due to sea ice formation in supercooled water (often through frazil formation) divided by grid-cell area. Together, sidmassgrowthwat and sidmassgrowthbot should give total ice growth";kg m-2 s-1
2;seaIce;sidmasslat; ;no;mon;Lateral sea ice melt rate;"The rate of change of sea ice mass through lateral melting divided by grid-cell area (report 0 if not explicitly calculated thermodynamically)";kg m-2 s-1
2;seaIce;sidmassmeltbot;meltb ?;partly;mon;sea-ice mass change through bottom melting;"The rate of change of sea ice mass through melting at the ice bottom divided by grid-cell area";kg m-2 s-1
2;seaIce;sidmassmelttop;meltt ?;partly;mon;sea-ice mass change through surface melting;"The rate of change of sea ice mass through melting at the ice surface divided by grid-cell area";kg m-2 s-1
2;seaIce;sidmasssi;snoice ?;partly;mon;sea-ice mass change through snow-to-ice conversion;"The rate of change of sea ice mass due to transformation of snow to sea ice divided by grid-cell area";kg m-2 s-1
2;seaIce;sidmassth; ;no;mon;sea-ice mass change from thermodynamics;"Total change in sea-ice mass from thermodynamic processes divided by grid-cell area";kg m-2 s-1
2;seaIce;sidmasstranx;transix;partly;mon;X-component of sea-ice mass transport;"Includes transport of both sea ice and snow by advection";kg s-1
2;seaIce;sidmasstrany;transiy;partly;mon;Y-component of sea-ice mass transport;"Includes transport of both sea ice and snow by advection";kg s-1
2;seaIce;siextentn;aice;no;mon;Sea ice extent North;"Total area of all Northern-Hemisphere grid cells that are covered by at least 15 % areal fraction of sea ice";1e6 km2
2;seaIce;siextents;aice;no;mon;Sea ice extent South;"Total area of all Southern-Hemisphere grid cells that are covered by at least 15 % areal fraction of sea ice";1e6 km2
2;seaIce;sifb; ;no;mon;Sea-ice freeboard;"Mean height of sea-ice surface (=snow-ice interface when snow covered) above sea level";m
2;seaIce;siflcondbot; ;no;mon;Net conductive heat fluxes in ice at the bottom;"the net heat conduction flux at the ice base";W m-2
2;seaIce;siflcondtop; ;no;mon;Net conductive heat flux in ice at the surface;"the net heat conduction flux at the ice surface";W m-2
2;seaIce;siflfwbot; ;no;mon;Freshwater flux from sea ice;"Total flux of fresh water from water into sea ice divided by grid-cell area; This flux is negative during ice growth (liquid water mass decreases, hence upward flux of freshwater), positive during ice melt (liquid water mass increases, hence downward flux of freshwater)";kg m-2 s-1
2;seaIce;siflfwdrain; ;no;mon;Freshwater flux from sea-ice surface;"Total flux of fresh water from sea-ice surface into underlying ocean. This combines both surface melt water that drains directly into the ocean and the drainage of surface melt pond. By definition, this flux is always positive.";kg m-2 s-1
2;seaIce;sifllatstop;flat_ai;partly;mon;Net latent heat flux over sea ice;"the net latent heat flux over sea ice";W m-2
2;seaIce;sifllwdtop;flwdn_ai;partly;mon;Downwelling longwave flux over sea ice;"the downwelling longwave flux over sea ice (always positive)";W m-2
2;seaIce;sifllwutop;flwup_ai;partly;mon;Upwelling Longwave Flux over Sea Ice;"the upwelling longwave flux over sea ice (always negative)";W m-2
2;seaIce;siflsenstop;fsens_ai;partly;mon;Net upward sensible heat flux over sea ice;"the net sensible heat flux over sea ice";W m-2
2;seaIce;siflsensupbot; ;no;mon;Net upward sensible heat flux under sea ice;"the net sensible heat flux under sea ice from the ocean";W m-2
2;seaIce;siflswdbot; ;no;mon;Downwelling shortwave flux under sea ice;"The downwelling shortwave flux underneath sea ice (always positive)";W m-2
2;seaIce;siflswdtop;fswdn_ai;partly;mon;Downwelling shortwave flux over sea ice;"The downwelling shortwave flux over sea ice (always positive by sign convention)";W m-2
2;seaIce;siflswutop;fswup_ai;partly;mon;Upwelling Shortwave Flux over Sea Ice;"The upwelling shortwave flux over sea ice (always negative)";W m-2
2;seaIce;sihc;qi;partly;mon;Sea-ice heat content per unit area;"Heat content of all ice in grid cell divided by total grid-cell area. Water at 0 Celsius is assumed to have a heat content of 0 J.  Does not include heat content of snow, but does include heat content of brine. Heat content is always negative, since both the sensible and the latent heat content of ice are less than that of water";J m-2
2;seaIce;simassacrossline; ;no;mon;Sea mass area flux through straits;"net (sum of transport in all directions) sea ice area transport through the following four passages, positive into the Arctic Ocean 1. Fram Strait = (11.5W,81.3N to (10.5E,79.6N) 2. Canadian Archipelago = (128.2W,70.6N) to (59.3W,82.1N) 3. Barents opening = (16.8E,76.5N) to (19.2E,70.2N) 4. Bering Strait = (171W,66.2N) to (166W,65N)";kg s-1
2;seaIce;sipr;rain_ai;partly;mon;Rainfall rate over sea ice;"mass of liquid precipitation falling onto sea ice divided by grid-cell area";kg m-2 s-1
2;seaIce;sishevel; ;no;monPt;Maximum shear of sea-ice velocity field;"Maximum shear of sea-ice velocity field (second shear strain invariant)";s-1
2;seaIce;sisnhc; ;no;mon;Snow-heat content per unit area;"Heat-content of all snow in grid cell divided by total grid-cell area. Snow-water equivalent at 0 Celsius is assumed to have a heat content of 0 J.  Does not include heat content of sea ice.";J m-2
2;seaIce;sistrxdtop;strairx;partly;mon;X-component of atmospheric stress on sea ice;"X-component of atmospheric stress on sea ice";N m-2
2;seaIce;sistrxubot;strocnx;partly;mon;X-component of ocean stress on sea ice;"X-component of ocean stress on sea ice";N m-2
2;seaIce;sistrydtop;strairy;partly;mon;Y-component of atmospheric stress on sea ice;"Y-component of atmospheric stress on sea ice";N m-2
2;seaIce;sistryubot;strocny;partly;mon;Y-component of ocean stress on sea ice;"Y-component of ocean stress on sea ice";N m-2
2;seaIce;sitempbot; ;no;mon;Temperature at ice-ocean interface;"Report temperature at interface, NOT temperature within lowermost model layer";K
2;seaIce;sitempsnic;Tsfc ?;partly;mon;Temperature at snow-ice interface;"Report surface temperature of ice where snow thickness is zero";K
2;seaIce;sivoln;aice*hi ;no;mon;Sea ice volume North;"total volume of sea ice in the Northern hemisphere";1e3 km3
2;seaIce;sivols;aice*hi ;no;mon;Sea ice volume South;"total volume of sea ice in the Southern hemisphere";1e3 km3
2;seaIce;sndmassdyn; ;no;mon;Snow Mass Rate of Change through Advection by Sea-ice Dynamics;"the rate of change of snow mass through advection with sea ice divided by grid-cell area";kg m-2 s-1
2;seaIce;sndmassmelt;melts;partly;mon;Snow Mass Rate of Change through Melt;"the rate of change of snow mass through melt divided by grid-cell area";kg m-2 s-1
2;seaIce;sndmasssi;snoice ?;no;mon;Snow Mass Rate of Change through Snow-to-Ice Conversion;"the rate of change of snow mass due to transformation of snow to sea ice divided by grid-cell area";kg m-2 s-1
2;seaIce;sndmasssnf;snow_ai ?;partly;mon;snow mass change through snow fall;"mass of solid precipitation falling onto sea ice divided by grid-cell area";kg m-2 s-1
2;seaIce;sndmasssubl; ;no;mon;Snow Mass Rate of Change through Evaporation or Sublimation;"the rate of change of snow mass through sublimation and evaporation divided by grid-cell area";kg m-2 s-1
2;seaIce;sndmasswindrif; ;no;mon;Snow Mass Rate of Change through Wind Drift of Snow;"the rate of change of snow mass through wind drift of snow (from sea-ice into the sea) divided by grid-cell area";kg m-2 s-1
2;seaIce;snmassacrossline; ;no;mon;Snow mass flux through straits;"net (sum of transport in all directions) snow mass transport through the following four passages, positive into the Arctic Ocean 1. Fram Strait = (11.5W,81.3N to (10.5E,79.6N) 2. Canadian Archipela";kg s-1
3;atmos;cfc113global; ;no;mon;Global Mean Mole Fraction of CFC113;"Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.  The chemical formula of CFC113 is CCl2FCClF2.  The IUPAC name for CFC113 is 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoro-ethane.";1e-12
3;atmos;cfc11global; ;yes;mon;Global Mean Mole Fraction of CFC11;"Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.  The chemical formula of CFC11 is CFCl3.  The IUPAC name for CFC11 is trichloro-fluoro-methane.";1e-12
3;atmos;cfc12global; ;no;mon;Global Mean Mole Fraction of CFC12;"Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.  The chemical formula of CFC12 is CF2Cl2.  The IUPAC name for CFC12 is dichloro-difluoro-methane.";1e-12
3;atmos;hcfc22global; ;yes;mon;Global Mean Mole Fraction of HCFC22;"Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, whereX is a material constituent of Y.  A chemical species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The chemicalformula for HCFC22 is CHClF2.  The IUPAC name for HCFC22 is chloro-difluoro-methane.";1e-12
3;atmosChem;cfc113global; ;no;mon;Global Mean Mole Fraction of CFC113;"Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.  The chemical formula of CFC113 is CCl2FCClF2.  The IUPAC name for CFC113 is 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoro-ethane.";1e-12
3;atmosChem;cfc11global; ;yes;mon;Global Mean Mole Fraction of CFC11;"Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.  The chemical formula of CFC11 is CFCl3.  The IUPAC name for CFC11 is trichloro-fluoro-methane.";1e-12
3;atmosChem;cfc12global; ;no;mon;Global Mean Mole Fraction of CFC12;"Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y.  The chemical formula of CFC12 is CF2Cl2.  The IUPAC name for CFC12 is dichloro-difluoro-methane.";1e-12
3;atmosChem;hcfc22global; ;yes;mon;Global Mean Mole Fraction of HCFC22;"Mole fraction is used in the construction mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y, whereX is a material constituent of Y.  A chemical species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The chemicalformula for HCFC22 is CHClF2.  The IUPAC name for HCFC22 is chloro-difluoro-methane.";1e-12
3;land;pflw; ; ;mon;Liquid Water Content of Permafrost Layer;"*where land over land*, i.e., this is the total mass of liquid water contained within the permafrost layer within the land portion of a grid cell divided by the area of the land portion of the cell.";kg m-2
3;land;tpf; ; ;mon;Permafrost Layer Thickness;"The mean thickness of the permafrost layer in the land portion of the grid cell.  Reported as zero in permafrost-free regions.";m
3;landIce;pflw; ; ;mon;Liquid Water Content of Permafrost Layer;"*where land over land*, i.e., this is the total mass of liquid water contained within the permafrost layer within the land portion of a grid cell divided by the area of the land portion of the cell.";kg m-2
3;landIce;tpf; ; ;mon;Permafrost Layer Thickness;"The mean thickness of the permafrost layer in the land portion of the grid cell.  Reported as zero in permafrost-free regions.";m
3;ocean;mlotstsq; ; ;mon;Square of Ocean Mixed Layer Thickness Defined by Sigma T;"The ocean mixed layer is the upper part of the ocean, regarded as being well-mixed.  The base of the mixed layer defined by temperature, sigma, sigma_theta or sigma_t is the level at which the quantity indicated differs from its surface value by a certain amount.  ""Thickness"" means the vertical extent of a layer.  ""square_of_X"" means X*X.";m2
3;ocean;sossq; ; ;mon;Square of Sea Surface Salinity;"The phrase ""square_of_X"" means X*X. Sea surface salinity is the salt concentration of sea water close to the sea surface, often on the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978. However, the unqualified term 'salinity' is generic and does not necessarily imply any particular method of calculation. The units of salinity are dimensionless and the units attribute should normally be given as 1e-3 or 0.001 i.e. parts per thousand. Sea surface salinity is often abbreviated as ""SSS"". For the salinity of sea water at a particular depth or layer, a data variable of ""sea_water_salinity"" or one of the more precisely defined salinities should be used with a vertical coordinate axis. There are standard names for the precisely defined salinity quantities: sea_water_knudsen_salinity, S_K (used for salinity observations between 1901 and 1966), sea_water_cox_salinity, S_C (used for salinity observations between 1967 and 1977), sea_water_practical_salinity, S_P (used for salinity observations from 1978 to the present day), sea_water_absolute_salinity, S_A, sea_water_preformed_salinity, S_*, and sea_water_reference_salinity. Practical Salinity is reported on the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978 (PSS-78), and is usually based on the electrical conductivity of sea water in observations since the 1960s. Conversion of data between the observed scales follows: S_P = (S_K - 0.03) * (1.80655 / 1.805) and S_P = S_C, however the accuracy of the latter is dependent on whether chlorinity or conductivity was used to determine the S_C value, with this inconsistency driving the development of PSS-78. The more precise standard names should be used where appropriate for both modelled and observed salinities. In particular, the use of sea_water_salinity to describe salinity observations made from 1978 onwards is now deprecated in favor of the term sea_water_practical_salinity which is the salinity quantity stored by national data centers for post-1978 observations. The only exception to this is where the observed salinities are definitely known not to be recorded on the Practical Salinity Scale. The unit ""parts per thousand"" was used for sea_water_knudsen_salinity and sea_water_cox_salinity.";1e-06
3;ocean;tossq; ;no;mon;Square of Sea Surface Temperature;"Square of temperature of liquid ocean.";degC2
3;ocean;zossq; ;no;mon;Square of Sea Surface Height Above Geoid;"Surface ocean geoid defines z=0.";m2
3;ocnBgChem;bfeos; ; ;mon;Surface Mole Concentration of Particulate Organic Matter expressed as Iron in Sea Water;"sum of particulate organic iron component concentrations";mol m-3
3;ocnBgChem;bsios; ; ;mon;Surface Mole Concentration of Particulate Organic Matter expressed as Silicon in Sea Water;"sum of particulate silica component concentrations";mol m-3
3;ocnBgChem;chlcalcos; ; ;mon;Surface Mass Concentration of Calcareous Phytoplankton expressed as Chlorophyll in Sea Water;"chlorophyll concentration from the calcite-producing phytoplankton component alone";kg m-3
3;ocnBgChem;chldiatos; ; ;mon;Surface Mass Concentration of Diatoms expressed as Chlorophyll in Sea Water;"chlorophyll from diatom phytoplankton component concentration alone";kg m-3
3;ocnBgChem;chldiazos; ; ;mon;Surface Mass Concentration of Diazotrophs expressed as Chlorophyll in Sea Water;"chlorophyll concentration from the diazotrophic phytoplankton component alone";kg m-3
3;ocnBgChem;chlmiscos; ; ;mon;Surface Mass Concentration of Other Phytoplankton expressed as Chlorophyll in Sea Water;"chlorophyll from additional phytoplankton component concentrations alone";kg m-3
3;ocnBgChem;chlpicoos; ; ;mon;Surface Mass Concentration of Picophytoplankton expressed as Chlorophyll in Sea Water;"chlorophyll concentration from the picophytoplankton (<2 um) component alone";kg m-3
3;ocnBgChem;dmsos; ; ;mon;Surface Mole Concentration of Dimethyl Sulphide in Sea Water;"'Mole concentration' means number of moles per unit volume, also called""molarity"", and is used in the construction mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y, whereX is a material constituent of Y.  A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. The chemical formula for dimethyl sulfide is (CH3)2S.  Dimethyl sulfide is sometimes referred to as DMS.";mol m-3
3;ocnBgChem;phyfeos; ; ;mon;Surface Mole Concentration of Total Phytoplankton expressed as Iron in Sea Water;"sum of phytoplankton iron component concentrations";mol m-3
3;ocnBgChem;phynos; ; ;mon;Surface Mole Concentration of Phytoplankton Nitrogen in Sea Water;"sum of phytoplankton nitrogen component concentrations";mol m-3
3;ocnBgChem;phypos; ; ;mon;Surface Mole Concentration of Total Phytoplankton expressed as Phosphorus in Sea Water;"sum of phytoplankton phosphorus components";mol m-3
3;ocnBgChem;physios; ; ;mon;Surface Mole Concentration of Total Phytoplankton expressed as Silicon in Sea Water;"sum of phytoplankton silica component concentrations";mol m-3
3;ocnBgChem;ponos; ; ;mon;Surface Mole Concentration of Particulate Organic Matter expressed as Nitrogen in Sea Water;"sum of particulate organic nitrogen component concentrations";mol m-3
3;ocnBgChem;popos; ; ;mon;Surface Mole Concentration of Particulate Organic Matter expressed as Phosphorus in Sea Water;"sum of particulate organic phosphorus component concentrations";mol m-3
3;seaIce;sidragbot; ;no;mon;Ocean drag coefficient;"Oceanic drag coefficient that is used to calculate the oceanic momentum drag on sea ice";1
3;seaIce;sidragtop; ;no;mon;Atmospheric drag coefficient;"Atmospheric drag coefficient that is used to calculate the atmospheric momentum drag on sea ice";1
3;seaIce;siforcecoriolx; ;no;mon;Coriolis force term in force balance (x-component);"X-component of force on sea ice caused by coriolis force";N m-2
3;seaIce;siforcecorioly; ;no;mon;Coriolis force term in force balance (y-component);"Y-component of force on sea ice caused by coriolis force";N m-2
3;seaIce;siforceintstrx; ;no;mon;Internal stress term in force balance (x-component);"X-component of force on sea ice caused by internal stress (divergence of sigma)";N m-2
3;seaIce;siforceintstry; ;no;mon;Internal stress term in force balance (y-component);"Y-component of force on sea ice caused by internal stress (divergence of sigma)";N m-2
3;seaIce;siforcetiltx; ;no;mon;Sea-surface tilt term in force balance (x-component);"X-component of force on sea ice caused by sea-surface tilt";N m-2
3;seaIce;siforcetilty; ;no;mon;Sea-surface tilt term in force balance (y-component);"Y-component of force on sea ice caused by sea-surface tilt";N m-2
3;seaIce;siitdconc; ;no;mon;Sea-ice area fractions in thickness categories;"Area fraction of grid cell covered by each ice-thickness category (vector with one entry for each thickness category starting from the thinnest category, netcdf file should use thickness bounds of the categories as third coordinate axis)";%
3;seaIce;siitdsnconc; ;no;mon;Snow area fractions in thickness categories;"Area fraction of grid cell covered by snow in each ice-thickness category (vector with one entry for each thickness category starting from the thinnest category, netcdf file should use thickness bounds of the categories as third coordinate axis)";%
3;seaIce;siitdsnthick; ;no;mon;Snow thickness in thickness categories;"Actual thickness of snow in each  category (NOT volume divided by grid area),  (vector with one entry for each thickness category starting from the thinnest category, netcdf file should use thickness bounds of categories as third coordinate axis)";m
3;seaIce;siitdthick; ;no;mon;Sea-ice thickness in thickness categories;"Actual (floe) thickness of sea ice in each  category (NOT volume divided by grid area),  (vector with one entry for each thickness category starting from the thinnest category, netcdf file should use thickness bounds of categories as third coordinate axis)";m
3;seaIce;simpconc; ;no;mon;Percentage Cover of Sea-Ice by Meltpond;"Fraction of sea ice, by area, which is covered by melt ponds, giving equal weight to every square metre of sea ice .";%
3;seaIce;simpmass; ;no;mon;Meltpond Mass per Unit Area;"Meltpond mass per area of sea ice.";kg m-2
3;seaIce;simprefrozen; ;no;mon;Thickness of Refrozen Ice on Melt Pond;"Volume of refrozen ice on melt ponds divided by meltpond covered area";m
3;seaIce;sirdgconc; ;no;mon;Percentage Cover of Sea-Ice by Ridging;"Fraction of sea ice, by area, which is covered by sea ice ridges, giving equal weight to every square metre of sea ice .";1
3;seaIce;sirdgthick; ;no;mon;Ridged ice thickness;"Sea Ice Ridge Height (representing mean height over the ridged area)";m
3;seaIce;sisali; ;no;mon;Sea ice salinity;"Mean sea-ice salinity of all sea ice in grid cell";0.001
3;seaIce;sisaltmass; ;no;mon;Mass of salt in sea ice per area;"Total mass of all salt in sea ice divided by grid-cell area";kg m-2
3;seaIce;sistremax; ;no;monPt;Maximum shear stress in sea ice;"Maximum shear stress in sea ice (second stress invariant)";N m-1
3;seaIce;sistresave; ;no;monPt;Average normal stress in sea ice;"Average normal stress in sea ice (first stress invariant)";N m-1